Menopause & Andropause: Warning Signs and Health Care Guidelines

WHY: Why is menopause an important issue?

1. Menopause affects hormones and overall healthIn women, menopause occurs when levels of estrogen and progesterone decline, affecting metabolism, bone health, and mood.In men, a decline in testosterone may lead to reduced muscle mass, mood changes, and decreased sexual performance.

2. Without proper care, it may increase the risk of complicationsOsteoporosis → increases the risk of bone fracturesCardiovascular disease → declining hormone levels may contribute to higher blood lipid levelsSleep problems and depression → may affect quality of life and mental health

WHAT: What is menopause, and when does it begin?

Menopause can be divided into three main stages:

Menopause in womenPre-menopause (ages 35–45) → hormone levels begin to decline, but menstruation is still presentPerimenopause (ages 45–50) → menopausal symptoms begin, such as irregular periods and hot flashesMenopause (ages 50–55) → menstruation has permanently stopped for at least 12 months

Menopause in men (Andropause / Testosterone Decline)Usually begins around ages 40–50The changes tend to occur graduallyPossible symptoms include fatigue, reduced sexual performance, and mood changes

Warning Signs of Menopause You Should Know

1. Physical symptoms

In women

• Irregular menstrual cycles
• Hot flashes and night sweats
• Dry, thinner skin and increased wrinkles
• Easier weight gain and a slower metabolism

In men

• Reduced muscle mass and increased body fat
• Decreased sexual performance and erectile dysfunction
• Lower energy levels and feeling tired more easily

2. Emotional and psychological symptoms

• Mood swings and irritability
• Anxiety, depression, or difficulty concentrating
• Insomnia or poor-quality sleep

HOW: How is menopause diagnosed?

1. Laboratory tests (Hormone Tests)

• Check FSH, LH, and Estradiol levels (in women)
• Check Testosterone and DHEA-S levels (in men)
• Check thyroid function, since the thyroid can affect hormone balance
• Assess bone mineral density to evaluate the risk of osteoporosis

2. Clinical symptom assessment

• Review symptoms such as hot flashes and sleep quality
• Perform a general physical examination, including skin health and lifestyle habits
• Evaluate nutritional risk factors and physical activity levels

When should you see a doctor?

• Abnormal menstruation (very heavy bleeding or missing periods for an unusually long time)
• Severe hot flashes that interfere with daily life
• Major mood changes or severe depression
• Joint pain or signs of osteoporosis

How to take care of yourself during menopause

1. Adjust your lifestyle

• Exercise regularly, such as brisk walking or weight training
• Reduce stress through yoga or meditation
• Get enough sleep, at least 7–8 hours per night

2. Proper nutritionFoods that help support hormone balance

• Calcium-rich foods such as milk, yogurt, and leafy greens
• Foods rich in vitamin D such as salmon and mushrooms
• High-quality protein such as beans, fish, and eggs
• Phytoestrogens such as soybeans and black sesame seeds

3. Medical treatment

• Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)
• Symptom-based medications, such as anti-anxiety medication or osteoporosis treatment
• Alternative therapies such as herbal remedies, acupuncture, and massage therapy

Preventing complications during menopause

• Support bone health with calcium and vitamin D supplements
• Control weight and avoid high-fat foods
• Protect heart health by reducing sodium and saturated fat intake
• Maintain mental well-being by staying socially connected and engaging in relaxing activities

SummaryMenopause is a stage of life filled with physical and emotional changes. However, with a good understanding of the symptoms and appropriate diagnosis, you can take effective steps to care for your health.

If you have questions about menopause or would like to check your hormone levels, you can consult the specialists at EPIOS Longevity Center or contact them via Line: https://lin.ee/A1BN1gf for guidance from a specialist physician.